Xavier Bettel graduated from the University of Nancy with a master's degree in public and European law, before becoming a lawyer at the Luxembourg bar, a position he held from 2001 to 2013.

Member of the Democratic Party (DP) since 1989, he was first elected Member of Parliament in 1999 at the age of 26, and re-elected in 2004, 2009 and 2013. In Parliament, he held key positions, including Vice-Chairman of the Legal Committee (2004-2013), Vice-Chairman of the Committee of Inquiry into the State Intelligence Service (2012-2013), Chairman of the DP Parliamentary Group (2009-2011) and Party Chairman (2013-2015).

On a local level, Xavier Bettel was a member of the Luxembourg City Council from 2000 to 2005, alderman from 2005 to 2011, then burgomaster from 2011 to 2013. The latter mandate came to an end when he was appointed Prime Minister, Minister of State in December 2013.

After the 2013 parliamentary elections, he led a DP-LSAP-déi gréng coalition government, also holding the portfolios of Communications, Media and Cults, and became Minister of Culture in 2015. Reappointed after the 2018 elections, he extended his responsibilities to Digitalization and Administrative Reform.

Following the parliamentary elections of October 8, 2023, Xavier Bettel was appointed Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Cooperation in a coalition government between the CSV and the DP, effective November 17, 2023.